5.什么是放電效率？

 放(fang)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)是指在一定(ding)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)條件下放(fang)電(dian)(dian)至終點電(dian)(dian)壓所放(fang)出的(de)實(shi)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)量與額定(ding)容(rong)量之比，主要(yao)受放(fang)電(dian)(dian)倍(bei)率(lv)，環境(jing)溫度(du)，內阻(zu)等的(de)因素影響，一般(ban)情況下，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)倍(bei)率(lv)越高，則放(fang)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)越低。溫度(du)越低，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)越低。

 6.什么是電池(chi)的輸出功率？

 電池(chi)的(de)(de)輸出功率指(zhi)在(zai)單(dan)位(wei)時間里輸出能量(liang)數的(de)(de)能力。它是根(gen)據放(fang)電電流I和放(fang)電電壓來計(ji)算的(de)(de)，P=U*I，單(dan)位(wei)為瓦(wa)特。

 電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)內阻(zu)越小，輸出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率越高，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)內阻(zu)應小于用電(dian)器的(de)(de)內阻(zu)，否(fou)則電(dian)池(chi)本身消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率還(huan)要大于用電(dian)器消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率，這(zhe)是不經濟的(de)(de)，而且可能(neng)損(sun)壞電(dian)池(chi)。

 7.什(shen)么(me)是24小時自(zi)放電測試？

 鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)自放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)試(shi)為：一(yi)般采用24小時自放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)快速(su)測(ce)試(shi)其荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保持能力，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池以0.5C放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)(zhi)2.5V，恒(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)壓0.5C充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)(zhi)3.65V，截止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：10mA,擱(ge)(ge)置15分鐘后，以0.5C放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)(zhi)2.5V測(ce)其放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)C1，再將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池恒(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)壓0.5C充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)(zhi)3.65V，截止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：10mA，擱(ge)(ge)置24小時后測(ce)1C容(rong)量(liang)C2，C2/C1*100%應大于99%。

 8.什么(me)是充電態(tai)內阻？與(yu)放電態(tai)內阻有何不同(tong)？

 充(chong)電(dian)態(tai)(tai)內(nei)(nei)阻指電(dian)池100%充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)時的內(nei)(nei)阻；放(fang)(fang)電(dian)態(tai)(tai)內(nei)(nei)阻指電(dian)池充(chong)分放(fang)(fang)電(dian)后的內(nei)(nei)阻。

 一般說來，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態內阻不(bu)太穩(wen)定，且偏大，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態內阻較小，阻值也較為穩(wen)定。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用過程中，只有(you)(you)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態內阻具有(you)(you)實(shi)際(ji)意義(yi)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用的(de)(de)后期(qi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的(de)(de)枯竭以及內部(bu)化學物質活性(xing)的(de)(de)降低，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻會有(you)(you)不(bu)同程度的(de)(de)升高(gao)。

 9.什么是靜態電阻？什么是動態電阻？

 靜態(tai)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)為放電(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)阻(zu)，動(dong)態(tai)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)為充電(dian)(dian)時的電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)阻(zu)。

 10.為什么要(yao)化成？

 電(dian)(dian)池(chi)制造后，通過一定(ding)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式將其內部(bu)正負(fu)極物質激(ji)活，改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)及自放電(dian)(dian)、儲(chu)存等綜合性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)過程稱為化(hua)成，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)粉有經過化(hua)成后才能(neng)(neng)體現真實(shi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。

 11.什么是分容？

 電池在(zai)制造(zao)過(guo)程中(zhong)，因工藝(yi)原因使(shi)得(de)電池的實際容量不可能完全一致，通過(guo)一定的充放電制度檢測，并(bing)將電池按(an)容量分類的過(guo)程稱(cheng)為(wei)分容。

 12.什么是壓降？

 電(dian)池按定性充電(dian)至80%以上，測(ce)量其電(dian)池空載(zai)電(dian)壓。5W/2W電(dian)池作為負載(zai)連(lian)接電(dian)池正負極端開關作為電(dian)池的斷路，通路的裝置進行串聯(lian)。打開開關后5秒電(dian)壓下降不(bu)大于(yu)0.4V為合格(ge),主要為測(ce)試(shi)電(dian)池負載(zai)性能。

 13.什么(me)是電池的負載能力？

 當電(dian)池的(de)正負極兩端連接在用電(dian)器(qi)上時(shi)，帶動(dong)用電(dian)器(qi)工作時(shi)的(de)輸出功(gong)率，即為電(dian)池的(de)負載能(neng)力。

 14.何為(wei)電池(chi)的(de)倍率放電？何為(wei)電池(chi)的(de)小時率放電？

 倍率放電是(shi)指放電時放電電流（A）與額(e)定容(rong)量（A?h）的(de)倍率關(guan)系表示(shi)。小時率放電是(shi)指按一定輸出電流放完額(e)定容(rong)量所需(xu)的(de)小時數。

 15.防止電池過充(chong)的控制方法有(you)哪些？

 為了(le)防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充(chong)，需要(yao)對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終點進行控制，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)滿時，會有(you)一些特(te)別的信息可利用來判斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)否達到終點，一般有(you)以(yi)下六種方法來防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池被(bei)過(guo)充(chong)：

 01）峰值電(dian)壓控制：通過檢測電(dian)池(chi)的(de)峰值電(dian)壓來判斷充(chong)電(dian)的(de)終點(dian)；

 02）dT/dt控(kong)制：通過(guo)檢測電池峰值溫度變化率(lv)來判(pan)斷充電的終(zhong)點；

 03）△T控制：電池充滿(man)電時，溫度與環境溫度之差會達到最大；

 04）-△V控制：當電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)達到一峰值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會下降一定的值(zhi)；

 05）計時控(kong)制：通過設(she)置一(yi)定(ding)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電時間來(lai)控(kong)制充(chong)(chong)(chong)電終點，一(yi)般(ban)設(she)定(ding)要充(chong)(chong)(chong)進130%標(biao)稱(cheng)容量(liang)所需的時間來(lai)控(kong)制。

 16.電(dian)(dian)池、電(dian)(dian)池組放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間短的可能(neng)原因有哪(na)些？

 電池未被(bei)充滿電，如充電時間(jian)不夠，充電效率較低等；放(fang)(fang)電電流過大，致使放(fang)(fang)電效率降(jiang)低從而使放(fang)(fang)電時間(jian)縮短；電池放(fang)(fang)電時環境溫度過低，放(fang)(fang)電效率下(xia)降(jiang)。

 17.電池使(shi)用(yong)時有(you)哪些注(zhu)意事項？

 1）使用前(qian)，請仔細閱讀電池說明書；

 2）不能(neng)將(jiang)電(dian)池短路；

 3）不要(yao)拆卸和加熱(re)電(dian)池，或將(jiang)電(dian)池丟入水中；

 4）電池應保存在陰(yin)涼、干(gan)燥、無陽(yang)光直射處。

 18.不同容(rong)量的(de)電池可以(yi)組合在一起嗎？

 如果(guo)將不(bu)同容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)混(hun)在一起使用，有(you)(you)可(ke)能出現(xian)漏液，零電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等現(xian)象，這(zhe)是由(you)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)差異導致充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時有(you)(you)些電(dian)(dian)池(chi)被過充(chong)(chong)，有(you)(you)些電(dian)(dian)池(chi)未充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)，放電(dian)(dian)時有(you)(you)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)未放完電(dian)(dian)，而(er)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)低(di)(di)的(de)則被過放，如此惡性循環，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)受(shou)到(dao)損害而(er)漏液或低(di)(di)（零）電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

 19.什么是外(wai)部短路，對電池性能有何(he)影響？

電(dian)池(chi)外(wai)兩(liang)端連接在任(ren)何(he)導體上(shang)都會造成外(wai)部(bu)短路，電(dian)池(chi)類型不同(tong)，短路有可能(neng)帶來不同(tong)嚴重程(cheng)度的后果(guo)。如(ru)：電(dian)解液溫度升高(gao)、內(nei)部(bu)氣壓(ya)升高(gao)等(deng)。氣壓(ya)值如(ru)果(guo)超過泄壓(ya)閥(fa)耐壓(ya)值，電(dian)池(chi)將漏(lou)液。這種情況(kuang)嚴重損(sun)壞電(dian)池(chi)。

 20.影響電池使用壽命的主要因(yin)素有哪些？

 01)放電：

 a.放電(dian)的深(shen)度(du)是影響(xiang)電(dian)池壽(shou)命的主要因素，放電(dian)的深(shen)度(du)越高，電(dian)池的壽(shou)命就(jiu)越短。換句話(hua)說(shuo)，只要降低放電(dian)深(shen)度(du)，就(jiu)能(neng)大幅延長電(dian)池的使用壽(shou)命。因此(ci)，我們(men)應避免將電(dian)池過(guo)放至極低的電(dian)壓。

 b.如果設(she)計的電(dian)(dian)子(zi)器材不能完全停止所(suo)有電(dian)(dian)流，若將該(gai)器材長時(shi)間(jian)擱置不用，而不把電(dian)(dian)池取出(chu), 其殘余電(dian)(dian)流有時(shi)會令電(dian)(dian)池過分消(xiao)耗, 造成電(dian)(dian)池過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

 c.把不同電(dian)容量、化學結構或不同充(chong)電(dian)水平的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，以及新舊(jiu)不一(yi)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)混合(he)使用(yong)時，亦會令電(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)過多, 甚至會造(zao)成反極充(chong)電(dian)。

 02) 儲存：

 若(ruo)非高(gao)溫(wen)電池，長時間(jian)在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)下儲存，會令其(qi)電極活性衰減，縮短使(shi)用壽命(ming)。

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